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‹ Fri · 8 May 2026
Promising but preliminary

Biomarkers, Cognitive Function, and Mortality in Centenarians

A simple blood protein predicts cognitive decline and mortality in the oldest-old better than expensive brain amyloid tests, suggesting simpler aging biomarkers.

This JAMA Network Open population cohort of 495 centenarians (17-year follow-up) demonstrates that plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), not amyloid β or p-tau, is the key neural biomarker associated with both cognitive impairment and all-cause mortality in extreme aging. The findings reframe the biomarker landscape for the oldest-old and may inform aging research paradigms.

What the study was

Study design
Population-based cohort study with 17-year follow-up
Population
Japanese centenarians aged ≥100 years (n=495; 80.4% women; mean age 104.1 years)
Sample size
495
Category
Diagnostics
Maturity
Validated
Journal
JAMA Network Open

Why it surfaced

JAMA Network Open cohort of centenarians (n=495, 17yr follow-up) — unique extreme aging dataset; NfL as the dominant mortality/cognition biomarker in centenarians challenges amyloid-centric paradigm; directly on aging/longevity watchlist.

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