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‹ Fri · 5 Jun 2026
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The expression status and clinical value of TIM-3 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

High TIM-3 expression in bile duct cancers marks worse outcomes and may be targetable with emerging immunotherapy approaches.

In 117 surgically resected ICC patients, high TIM-3 expression in tumor cells was an independent adverse prognostic factor for disease-free survival, correlated with immune cell infiltration patterns that may indicate TIM-3's role in immune exhaustion. This supports TIM-3 as a potential immunotherapy target in ICC, where treatment options are limited.

What the study was

Study design
Retrospective cohort with immunohistochemistry
Population
117 ICC patients treated surgically with IHC analysis for TIM-3 and other immune checkpoints
Sample size
117
Category
Genomics/Precision Medicine
Maturity
Exploratory
Journal
BMC Cancer

Why it surfaced

TIM-3 in ICC is clinically relevant as ICC has poor prognosis and limited immunotherapy options; n=117 is modest but provides DFS prognostic independence.

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